Demographic Statistics

United States

American FactFinder: Was a central source for demographic, economic, and geographic data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Now retired. Officially replaced by data.census.gov.
data.census.gov: The new platform from the U.S. Census Bureau to access demographic and economic data. The site does not currently have all the features and data that will ultimately be included, because it is using customer feedback to drive the final product. There is a chart listing what is currently available on data.census.gov, and the most recent release notes PDF document may also be helpful. Data tools, visualizations, courses, and more remain available at census.gov/data.html.
2020 Census: Has links to various options, such as the 2020 Decennial Census Guidance for Data Users, which links to Demographic Profile. Briefs are available from the 2020 Official Publications.
2010 Census: Has links to various options, such as the 2010 Decennial Census Guidance for Data Users, which links to Demographic Profiles and Guide to State and Local Census Geography. Briefs and reports are available from the 2010 Official Publications.
2000 Census: Has links to content such as Datasets and Data Tables. Briefs and reports are available from the 2000 Official Publications.
U.S. Census Bureau: Browse by Topic: Click on tab for "Topics." Topics include: Education, Employment, Families and Living Arrangements, Health, Housing, Income and Poverty, and Population. Links will go to an information page which has a link to actual Data on the topic. By mousing over the link to Topics instead of clicking on it, additional topics are available, such as: Age and Sex, Geographic Mobility/Migration, Geography, Hispanic Origin, Population Estimate, Race, Redistricting, and Voting and Registration.
Current Population Survey Data Tables: From the U.S. Census. Includes tables for Poverty, Income, and Geographic Mobility.
U.S. Census: Index A-Z: Easy to browse for links related to terms such as Age, Children, Demographic, Education, Families & Households, Hispanic Origin, Housing, Income & Poverty, Marriage & Living Arrangements, Population, Poverty, Race, and Veterans. Links will go to an information page which has a link to the actual Data on the topic.
National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS): Population, housing, agriculture, and economic data from 1790 to the present. Levels of U.S. census geography include states, counties, tracts, and blocks.

Texas

Regional Economic Data (Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts): The "Texas Regional Report" has a compilation from an analysis of the 12 economic regions in Texas. Also has report for each region with an overview of population, income, jobs, wages, and education trends in each region. Use the drop-down menu for "Select a County/Region" to choose a county and view an economic analysis of its region.
Texas Population Estimates Program (Texas Demographic Center): Annual estimates of the total populations of counties and places in Texas. ("Places" include municipalities, cities, towns, villages, and boroughs.) Also has estimates of county populations by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. There is an option for population projections by state and county.
Texas Demographic Center: The "official source of demographic, economic, and social statistics produced by the Census Bureau" for Texas. Part of a national network, the State Data Center Program. State Data Centers provide training and technical assistance for anyone interested in finding and using the data: local governments, the business community, and the general public.
Economy: Various economic reports and information from the Texas Comptroller. Scroll down to view options under "Fiscal Notes," "In Depth," and "Local Government."

Other Guides

Statistical Insight: This database from ProQuest provides indexing, abstracting, and selected full-text for U.S. government statistical publications including: select tables from U.S. government and business reports (1999 - present); U.S. Federal statistical publications (coverage from 1973); International statistical publications from the UN, EU, OECD, etc. (coverage from 1983); and U.S. state government, business, and research institute statistical publications (coverage from 1980).
Statistical Resources on the Web: Demographics: For statistics on Population, Social, Economic Characteristics, Poverty. Very thorough guide to finding demographic and housing statistics online.
Government Information: Statistics on Education: Links to United States and Texas resources with statistics on elementary, secondary, and post-secondary education.
Fedstats: A central site that had easy access to statistics provided by the more than 100 federal agencies which produce statistics of interest to the public. After the removal of the FedStats website in February 2018, a comparable source is not available. Some archived content is freely available through 2015 from the Internet Archive Wayback Machine . Some current Data and Statistics about the U.S. are available from usa.gov.
U.S. Census Bureau: The Census Bureau strives to collect timely, relevant, and quality data about the people and economy of the United States. Search by keyword or "Browse by Topic."